Hydrea (Hydroxyurea)

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Hydrea

Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide)

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Hydrea

Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide)

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Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide)

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Hydroxyurea (Generic)

Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide)

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Hydrea (Hydroxyurea) Dosage and Side Effects

HYDREA  is used to treat cancer of the head and neck (excluding the lips) in combination with radiation, as well as cancer of the skin and a type of blood cancer (resistant chronic myelocytic leukemia).

Warnings and Precautions

BEFORE you use HYDREA talk to your doctor or pharmacist if:

  • you have problems with your kidney because the dose of HYDREA may need to be adjusted
  • you are breast-feeding. HYDREA can pass into your breast milk and harm your baby. Do not breast-feed if you are taking HYDREA.
  • you have problems with low blood count or anemia
  • you have received radiation therapy as this may increase your chances of developing redness of the skin if HYDREA is used with radiation treatment
  • you are pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant. HYDREA can harm the fetus when given to a pregnant woman. Women should avoid becoming pregnant while undergoing treatment with HYDREA.
  • you are a male contemplating conception.
  • HYDREA may cause an absence or low amount of sperm in the semen (sometimes these events are reversible) and damage DNA in your sperm. Therefore you should seek advice on sperm conservation prior to treatment with HYDREA and use safe contraceptive measures during and at least 1 year after therapy ends.
  • you have HIV/AIDS and are receiving treatment as this can increase your chances of developing pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) and liver problems
  • you are lactose intolerant
  • you recently received a vaccination or are scheduled for any vaccination. Patients taking HYDREA should not receive live vaccines.
  • you are receiving treatment with interferon. Inflammation of the blood vessels of the skin, sometimes leading to formation of ulcers or death of the blood vessels has been reported mostly in patients who have received or are currently receiving interferon treatment.

Side Effects

Along with their needed effects, medicines like HYDREA can sometimes cause unwanted effects such as blood problems and other side effects.

The following information describes the most important side effects of which you should be aware. It is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. You should report any unusual symptoms to your doctor.

Check with your doctor if any of the following side effects occur:

  • Inflammation in or around the mouth.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • High fevers (≥40 degrees celcius).
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Diarrhea and constipation.
  • Inflammation of the blood vessels of the skin, sometimes leading to formation of ulcers or death of the blood vessels has been reported mostly in patients who have received or are currently receiving interferon treatment.
  • Rash, redness and ulceration in the face, skin or extremities. Any skin or nail changes.

Discontinue medication and check with your doctor if any of the following side effects occur:

  • Lack of urination, severe muscle weakness, abnormal heartbeat, and seizures (symptoms of tumour lysis syndrome)
  • Yellowing of skin and eyes, feeling tired, stomach ache, nausea, diarrhea, no appetite, fever, headaches (symptoms of Hepatitis)
  • Clay-colored or white stools, dark urine, inability to digest certain foods, itching, nausea or vomiting, pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, yellow skin or eyes (symptoms of cholestasis).

Interactions with this medication

Make sure you talk to your doctor about any other conditions you may have and all other medications you are taking, including prescription, non-prescription and herbal and/or natural products.

Concurrent use of hydroxyurea and other myelosuppressive agents or radiation therapy may increase the likelihood of bone marrow depression or other adverse events.

Proper Use of this medication

While you are using this medicine, your doctor may want you to drink extra fluids so that you will pass more urine. This will help prevent kidney problems and keep your kidneys working well.

Usual dose:

The dose of HYDREA will be different for different patients. The dose that is used may depend on a number of things, including what the medicine is being used for, your weight, and whether or not other medicines are also being taken. Follow your doctor's orders.

Depending on your condition, the usual dose could be 80 mg/kg, or 20-30 mg/kg given orally. The dose and frequency will vary with your disease. Please follow your doctor's orders.

Overdose:

If you think you may have taken more HYDREA than you should, talk to your doctor immediately or contact the Emergency room of the nearest hospital.

Missed dose:

It you miss a dose of this medicine check with your doctor.

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Urecholine (Bethanechol)

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Urecholine

Bethanechol Chloride

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Urecholine

Bethanechol Chloride

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Urecholine

Bethanechol Chloride

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Bethanechol Chloride (Generic)

Bethanechol Chloride

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Urecholine (Bethanechol) Dosage and Side Effects

URECHOLINE stimulates your bladder to empty. URECHOLINE is used to treat urinary retention (difficulty urinating), which may occur after surgery, after delivering a baby, and in other situations.

Warnings and Precautions

Take URECHOLINE on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to prevent nausea and vomiting.

URECHOLINE may cause dizziness or fainting, especially when you rise from a sitting or lying position. Rise slowly to avoid becoming dizzy, falling, or hurting yourself.

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. URECHOLINE may cause dizziness. If you experience dizziness, avoid these activities.

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you

  • have uncontrolled hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid);
  • have stomach ulcers;
  • have asthma;
  • have recently had bladder or intestinal surgery;
  • have a blockage in your intestinal tract;
  • have a slow heart rate or low blood pressure;
  • have a disease or blockage of the arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease);
  • have epilepsy or any other seizure disorder; or
  • have Parkinson's disease.

You may not be able to take URECHOLINE, or you may require a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

URECHOLINE is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether URECHOLINE will harm an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant.

It is not known whether URECHOLINE passes into breast milk. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Side Effects

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking URECHOLINE and seek emergency medical attention:

  • an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or
  • shortness of breath, wheezing, or tightness in your chest.

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take URECHOLINE and talk to your doctor if you experience

  • dizziness or drowsiness;
  • headache;
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort;
  • slow heartbeats followed by fast heartbeats;
  • flushing or warmth about the face;
  • sweating; or
  • tearing eyes.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

Interactions with this medication

URECHOLINE may cause dizziness or fainting, especially when you rise from a sitting or lying position. Rise slowly to avoid becoming dizzy, falling, or hurting yourself.

Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. URECHOLINE may cause dizziness. If you experience dizziness, avoid these activities.

Before taking URECHOLINE, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines:

  • donepezil (Aricept);
  • tacrine (Cognex);
  • quinidine (Cardioquin, others); or
  • procainamide (Pronestyl, Procan SR).

You may not be able to take URECHOLINE, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with URECHOLINE. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking or using any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

Proper Use of this medication

Take URECHOLINE exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water.

Take URECHOLINE on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to prevent nausea and vomiting.

Store URECHOLINE at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of a URECHOLINE overdose include abdominal discomfort, increased salivation or watering mouth, flushing or hot feeling of the skin, sweating, nausea, and vomiting.

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

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Urispas (Flavoxate)

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Urispas

Flavoxate Hydrochloride

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Urispas (Flavoxate) Dosage and Side Effects

URISPAS (flavoxate) is used to treat certain bladder/urinary tract symptoms. Flavoxate is a smooth-muscle relaxant. It works by relaxing the muscles in the bladder. Flavoxate helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, frequent trips to the bathroom, and bladder pain. This medication does not treat the cause of your bladder symptoms (e.g., urinary tract/bladder/prostate infection or inflammation).

Warnings and Precautions

Before taking URISPAS, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: stomach/intestinal blockage (e.g., pyloric/duodenal obstruction, ileus), bleeding from the stomach or intestines, bladder blockage.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: heart problems (e.g., fast/irregular heartbeat, heart failure), a certain eye condition (glaucoma), kidney problems, a certain muscle disease (myasthenia gravis), enlarged prostate gland, stomach/intestinal problems (e.g., infection, acid-reflux disease, chronic constipation, ulcerative colitis), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).

This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy or cause blurred vision. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness or clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Limit alcoholic beverages.

This medication can cause decreased sweating. To reduce the risk of a serious reaction to too much heat (heatstroke), avoid becoming overheated in hot weather, saunas, or during exercise or other strenuous activities.

Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially dizziness (more likely when standing up), drowsiness, constipation, trouble urinating, or confusion. Dizziness, drowsiness, and confusion can increase the risk of falling.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, and nervousness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

To relieve dry mouth, suck on (sugarless) hard candy or ice chips, chew (sugarless) gum, drink water, or use a saliva substitute.

To prevent constipation, maintain a diet adequate in fiber, drink plenty of water, and exercise. If you become constipated, consult your pharmacist for help in choosing a laxative (e.g., stimulant-type with stool softener).

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., confusion), eye pain.

Tell your doctor right away if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: chest pain, fast/pounding heartbeat, signs of infection (e.g., fever, persistent sore throat), stomach/intestinal blockage (e.g., persistent nausea/vomiting, long-lasting constipation), difficult/painful urination.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Interactions with this medication

Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.

This drug should not be used with the following medication because a very serious interaction may occur: pramlintide.

If you are currently using the medication listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting URISPAS.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: anticholinergic drugs (e.g., atropine, belladonna alkaloids, scopolamine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl), antispasmodic drugs (e.g., clidinium, dicyclomine), bisphosphonate drugs (e.g., alendronate, etidronate, risedronate), potassium tablets/capsules.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you also take drugs that cause drowsiness such as: certain antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), anti-seizure drugs (e.g., carbamazepine), medicine for sleep or anxiety (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, narcotic pain relievers (e.g., codeine), psychiatric medicines (e.g., chlorpromazine, risperidone, amitriptyline, trazodone).

Check the labels on all your medicines (e.g., cough-and-cold products) because they may contain drowsiness-causing ingredients. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

Proper Use of this medication

Take this medication by mouth, usually 3-4 times a day or as directed by your doctor. Take with food if stomach upset occurs.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Your doctor may lower your dose after your symptoms have improved. The length of treatment depends on the cause of the problem.

Do not increase your dose or take this medication more often without your doctor's approval. Your condition will not improve any faster, and the risk of side effects may be increased.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. Symptoms of overdose may include: slow/shallow breathing, hallucination, seizures, loss of consciousness.

Notes

Do not share this medication with others.

This medication has been prescribed for your current condition only. Do not use it later for another condition unless told to do so by your doctor. A different medication may be necessary in that case.

This medication may relieve the symptoms of a bladder infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), or prostate infection. However, it does not treat an infection. An antibiotic may be needed if you have an infection.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store at room temperature between 68-77 degrees F (20-25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Brief storage between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) is permitted. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

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Urocit-K (Potassium Citrate)

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Urocit-K 10MEQ

Potassium Citrate

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Potassium Citrate

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Potassium Citrate

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Potassium Citrate

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Potassium Citrate

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Potassium Citrate

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Urocit-K (Potassium Citrate) Dosage and Side Effects

UROCIT-K is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis.

Warnings and Precautions

You should not take UROCIT-K tablets if you have problems with your esophagus, stomach, or intestines that make it difficult for you to swallow or digest pills.

Do not crush, chew, break, or suck on an extended-release tablet. Swallow the pill whole. Breaking or crushing the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Sucking on a potassium tablet can irritate your mouth or throat.

Avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after you take this medication.

Take this medication with a meal or bedtime snack, or within 30 minutes after a meal.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood may need to be tested often. Your heart rate may also be checked using an electrocardiograph or ECG (sometimes called an EKG) to measure electrical activity of the heart. This test will help your doctor determine how long to treat you with potassium. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Serious side effects of UROCIT-K include uneven heartbeat, muscle weakness or limp feeling, severe stomach pain, and numbness or tingling in your hands, feet, or mouth.

Do not stop taking this medication without first talking to your doctor. If you stop taking potassium suddenly, your condition may become worse.

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to it, or if you have certain conditions. Be sure your doctor knows if you have:

  • high levels of potassium in your blood (hyperkalemia);
  • kidney failure;
  • a urinary tract infection;
  • untreated or uncontrolled diabetes;
  • Addison's disease (an adrenal gland disorder);
  • a large tissue injury such as a severe burn;
  • a peptic ulcer in your stomach;
  • if you are severely dehydrated; or
  • if you are taking a "potassium-sparing" diuretic (water pill) such as amiloride (Midamor, Moduretic), spironolactone (Aldactone, Aldactazide), triamterene (Dyrenium, Dyazide, Maxzide).

You should not take UROCIT-K tablets if you have problems with your esophagus, stomach, or intestines that make it difficult for you to swallow or digest pills.

Before using UROCIT-K, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

  • kidney disease;
  • congestive heart failure, enlarged heart, or history of heart attack;
  • other heart disease or high blood pressure;
  • diabetes;
  • a blockage in your stomach or intestines; or
  • chronic diarrhea (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease).

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take UROCIT-K.

This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.

It is not known whether potassium passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Side Effects

Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

  • confusion, anxiety, feeling like you might pass out;
  • uneven heartbeat;
  • extreme thirst, increased urination;
  • leg discomfort;
  • muscle weakness or limp feeling;
  • numbness or tingly feeling in your hands or feet, or around your mouth;
  • severe stomach pain, ongoing diarrhea or vomiting;
  • black, bloody, or tarry stools; or
  • coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.

Less serious side effects may include:

  • mild nausea or upset stomach;
  • mild or occasional diarrhea; or
  • appearance of a UROCIT-K tablet in your stool.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.

Interactions with this medication

Avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after you take this medication.

Avoid taking potassium supplements or using other products that contain potassium without first asking your doctor. Salt substitutes or low-salt dietary products often contain potassium. If you take certain products together you may accidentally get too much potassium. Read the label of any other medicine you are using to see if it contains potassium.

While taking this medication, avoid strenuous exercise if you are not in proper condition for it.

The following drugs can interact with UROCIT-K. Tell your doctor if you are using any of these:

  • eplerenone (Inspra);
  • digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin);
  • candesartan (Atacand), losartan (Cozaar, Hyzaar), valsartan (Diovan), or telmisartan (Micardis);
  • glycopyrrolate (Robinul);
  • mepenzolate (Cantil);
  • quinidine (Quinaglute, Quinidex, Quin-Release);
  • atropine (Donnatal, and others), benztropine (Cogentin), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine (Pamine), or scopolamine (Transderm-Scop);
  • a bronchodilator such as ipratroprium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
  • bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin (Enablex), flavoxate (Urispas), oxybutynin (Ditropan, Oxytrol), tolterodine (Detrol), or solifenacin (Vesicare);
  • irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine (Bentyl), hyoscyamine (Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Levsin, and others), or propantheline (Pro-Banthine);
  • an ACE inhibitor such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), fosinopril (Monopril), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), or trandolapril (Mavik); or
  • any type of diuretic (water pill) such as bumetanide (Bumex), chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Hygroton, Thalitone), ethacrynic acid (Edecrin), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDiuril, Hyzaar, Lopressor, Vasoretic, Zestoretic), indapamide (Lozol), metolazone (Mykrox, Zarxolyn), or torsemide (Demadex).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with UROCIT-K. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Proper Use of this medication

Do not crush, chew, break, or suck on an extended-release tablet. Swallow the pill whole. Breaking or crushing the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Sucking on a potassium tablet can irritate your mouth or throat. Call your doctor if it feels like the tablet is getting stuck in your throat when you swallow it.

Measure the liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Liquid potassium should be mixed with at least 4 ounces (one-half cup) of cold water or fruit juice. Drink the mixture slowly, over 5 to 10 minutes in all. To make sure you get the entire dose, add a little more water to the same glass, swirl gently and drink right away.

Take this medication with a meal or bedtime snack, or within 30 minutes after a meal.

Your treatment may include a special diet. It is very important to follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor or nutrition counselor. You should become very familiar with the list of foods you should eat or avoid to help control your condition.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood may need to be tested often. Your heart rate may also be checked using an electrocardiograph or ECG (sometimes called an EKG) to measure electrical activity of the heart. This test will help your doctor determine how long to treat you with potassium. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Do not stop taking this medication without first talking to your doctor. If you stop taking potassium suddenly, your condition may become worse.

Store UROCIT-K at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication in a closed container.

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include heavy feeling in your arms or legs, muscle weakness, limp feeling, slow or uneven heartbeat, chest pain, or feeling like you might pass out.

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

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Parsitan (Ethopropazine)

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Parsitan

Ethopropazine (Ethopropazine Hydrochloride)

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Parsitan (Ethopropazine) Dosage and Side Effects

This medication is used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease to improve muscle control and reduce stiffness. It is also used to reduce the tremor and restlessness (dyskinesia) associated with the use of some medications. It works by affecting the balance of chemicals in the central nervous system (CNS).

Warnings and Precautions

Before you begin using a medication, be sure to inform your doctor of any medical conditions or allergies you may have, any medications you are taking, whether you are pregnant or breast-feeding, and any other significant facts about your health. These factors may affect how you should use this medication.

Medical conditions: People with the medical conditions such as heart disease, prostate problems, and pyloric obstruction should discuss the use of this medication with their doctor.

Pregnancy: This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.

Breast-feeding: It is not known if ethopropazine passes into breast milk. If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking this medication, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding.

Side Effects

Many medications can cause side effects. A side effect is an unwanted response to a medication when it is taken in normal doses. Side effects can be mild or severe, temporary or permanent. The side effects listed below are not experienced by everyone who takes this medication. If you are concerned about side effects, discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with your doctor.

The following side effects have been reported by at least 1% of people taking this medication. Many of these side effects can be managed, and some may go away on their own over time.

Contact your doctor if you experience these side effects and they are severe or bothersome. Your pharmacist may be able to advise you on managing side effects.

  • constipation
  • decreased sweating
  • dizziness or lightheadedness
  • drowsiness
  • dryness of the mouth, nose, or throat
  • increased sensitivity of the eyes to light
  • headache
  • nausea or vomiting

Although most of these side effects listed below don't happen very often, they could lead to serious problems if you do not check with your doctor or seek medical attention.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

  • blurred or double vision
  • confusion or memory impairment (more common for seniors or those on high doses)
  • difficult or painful urination (especially for senior men)
  • eye pain
  • fainting
  • loss of memory (especially for seniors)
  • muscle cramps
  • numbness or weakness in the hands or feet
  • rapid heartbeat
  • skin rash
  • symptoms of liver problems (e.g., yellowing of the skin or eyes)

Stop taking the medication and seek immediate medical attention if any of the followings occur:

  • drowsiness (severe)
  • hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)
  • seizures
  • shortness of breath or troubled breathing

Some people may experience side effects other than those listed. Check with your doctor if you notice any symptom that worries you while you are taking this medication.

Interactions with this medication

There may be an interaction between ethopropazine and any of the following:

  • anticholinergic medications (e.g., benztropine, procyclidine)
  • haloperidol
  • medications that cause drowsiness (e.g., benzodiazepines)
  • thiouracil
  • tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline)

If you are taking any of these medications, speak with your doctor or pharmacist. Depending on your specific circumstances, your doctor may want you to:

  • stop taking one of the medications,
  • change one of the medications to another,
  • change how you are taking one or both of the medications, or
  • leave everything as is.

An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of them. Speak to your doctor about how any drug interactions are being managed or should be managed.

Medications other than those listed above may interact with this medication. Tell your doctor or prescriber about all prescription, over-the-counter (non-prescription), and herbal medications you are taking. Also tell them about any supplements you take. Since caffeine, alcohol, the nicotine from cigarettes, or street drugs can affect the action of many medications, you should let your prescriber know if you use them.

Proper Use of this medication

The recommended adult dose of ethopropazine ranges from 100 mg to 500 mg daily in 2 or 3 divided doses, with or without food.

For control of tremor and restlessness associated with some medications, the usual dose to control symptoms is 100 mg twice daily. For treatment of Parkinson's disease, the medication is usually started at a lower dose (e.g., 50 mg 3 times daily) and gradually increased until relief of symptoms occurs.

Many things can affect the dose of a medication that a person needs, such as body weight, other medical conditions, and other medications. If your doctor has recommended a dose different from the ones listed here, do not change the way that you are taking the medication without consulting your doctor.

It is important to take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible and continue with your regular schedule. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you are not sure what to do after missing a dose, contact your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Do not dispose of medications in wastewater (e.g. down the sink or in the toilet) or in household garbage. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medications that are no longer needed or have expired.

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Gilotrif (Afatinib)

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Giotrif

Afatinib

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Gilotrif (Afatinib) Dosage and Side Effects

GILOTRIF is a cancer medication that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body.

Warnings and Precautions

To make sure GILOTRIF is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:

  • kidney disease;
  • liver disease;
  • heart disease;
  • breathing problems or lung disease other than cancer; or
  • vision problems, a history of very dry eyes, or if you wear contact lenses.

Do not use GILOTRIF if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant during treatment. Use effective birth control to avoid pregnancy while you are using this medication and for at least 2 weeks after your treatment ends.

It is not known whether GILOTRIF passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.

Side Effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using GILOTRIF and call your doctor at once if you have:

  • severe skin reaction that causes blistering and peeling;
  • blisters or ulcers in your mouth, red or swollen gums, trouble swallowing;
  • eye problems--eye pain or redness, blurred vision, watery eyes, feeling like something is in your eye, increased sensitivity to light;
  • heart problems--pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath (even with mild exertion), swelling, rapid weight gain;
  • liver problems--nausea, upper stomach pain, tiredness, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
  • lung problems--fever, chest pain, dry cough, wheezing.

Common side effects may include:

  • mild diarrhea for 1 day or less;
  • nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite;
  • mouth sores;
  • acne, dry skin, mild itching or skin rash; or
  • redness, pain, swelling, or other signs of infection around your fingernails or toenails.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

Interactions with this medication

Avoid exposure to sunlight or tanning beds. GILOTRIF can make you sunburn more easily. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) when you are outdoors.

This medicine can pass into body fluids (urine, feces, vomit). Caregivers should wear rubber gloves while cleaning up a patient's body fluids, handling contaminated trash or laundry or changing diapers. Wash hands before and after removing gloves. Wash soiled clothing and linens separately from other laundry.

Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with GILOTRIF, especially:

  • St. John's wort; or
  • an antibiotic--erythromycin, rifampin; antifungal medicine--itraconazole, ketoconazole; HIV or AIDS medicine--nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir; heart or blood pressure medication--amiodarone, quinidine, verapamil; medicine to prevent organ transplant rejection--cyclosporine, tacrolimus; seizure medication--carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin.

This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with GILOTRIF, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.

Proper Use of this medication

Before you start treatment, your doctor may perform tests to make sure GILOTRIF is the best treatment for your type of lung cancer.

GILOTRIF is usually taken once per day. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Take GILOTRIF on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.

GILOTRIF can cause severe diarrhea, which can be life-threatening if it leads to dehydration. You may be given medications to prevent or quickly treat diarrhea.

Your doctor may recommend you have an anti-diarrhea medicine such as loperamide (Imodium) available at all times while you are taking GILOTRIF. Take the anti-diarrhea medicine as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Call your doctor if you are sick with severe diarrhea, or diarrhea lasting longer than 2 days. You may need to stop taking GILOTRIF for a short time.

While using GILOTRIF, you may need frequent blood tests.

Store the tablets in their original container at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.

Throw away any GILOTRIF tablets not used before the expiration date on the medicine label.

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line.

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if your next dose is less than 12 hours away. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

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Myleran (Busulfan)

Author , posted on June 20, 2017

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Myleran (Busulfan) Dosage and Side Effects

MYLERAN is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body.

MYLERAN taken by mouth is used to treat the symptoms of chronic myelogenous leukemia (a type of blood cancer). MYLERAN injection is used together with a medicine called cyclophosphamide, to prepare your body to receive a stem cell transplant from a donor's bone marrow.

Warnings and Precautions

MYLERAN can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections and help your blood to clot. You may get an infection or bleed more easily. Call your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding, or signs of infection (fever, chills, body aches).

MYLERAN can have long lasting effects on your body. You may need frequent medical tests for a short time after you stop using this medicine.

You should not use MYLERAN if you are allergic to it.

To make sure you can safely take MYLERAN, tell your doctor if you have:

  • a weak immune system (bone marrow depression) caused by other cancer medications or radiation treatment;
  • epilepsy or other seizure disorder;
  • history of head injury; or
  • a history of lung or breathing problems.

Some people treated with MYLERAN have developed new forms of cancer. Talk to your doctor about your specific risks and benefits of using this medicine.

Do not use MYLERAN if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Use effective birth control, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment.

MYLERAN may affect fertility (your ability to have children), whether you are a man or a woman.

It is not known whether MYLERAN passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.

Side Effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

  • blurred vision, tunnel vision, eye pain, or seeing halos around lights;
  • coughing up blood;
  • hallucinations;
  • persistent cough, congestion, low fever, feeling short of breath (may occur several months or years after using MYLERAN).
  • seizure (convulsions);
  • adrenal gland problems (after long-term MYLERAN use)--nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss and severe weakness or tired feeling;
  • low magnesium--unusual eye movements, muscle tightness or contraction, muscle weakness or limp feeling, numbness;
  • low platelets--easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin;
  • low potassium--confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling;
  • low red blood cells (anemia)--pale skin, feeling light-headed or short of breath, rapid heart rate, trouble concentrating;
  • low white blood cell counts--fever, swollen gums, painful mouth sores, pain when swallowing, skin sores, cold or flu symptoms, cough, trouble breathing;
  • signs of a heart problem--stomach pain, vomiting, sharp chest pain, trouble breathing; or
  • signs of liver problems--weight gain, stomach swelling or tenderness, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

Common side effects may include:

  • stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting;
  • blisters or ulcers in your mouth, red or swollen gums, trouble swallowing;
  • fever;
  • low red blood cells, low potassium;
  • headache, weakness, anxiety;
  • skin rash;
  • sleep problems (insomnia); or
  • high blood sugar--increased thirst, increased urination, hunger, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, drowsiness, dry skin, blurred vision, weight loss.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

Interactions with this medication

Avoid being near people who are sick or have infections. Tell your doctor at once if you develop signs of infection.

This medicine can pass into body fluids (urine, feces, vomit). Caregivers should wear rubber gloves while cleaning up a patient's body fluids, handling contaminated trash or laundry or changing diapers. Wash hands before and after removing gloves. Wash soiled clothing and linens separately from other laundry.

Do not receive a "live" vaccine while using MYLERAN, and avoid coming into contact with anyone who has recently received a live vaccine. There is a chance that the virus could be passed on to you. Live vaccines include measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), rotavirus, typhoid, yellow fever, varicella (chickenpox), zoster (shingles), and nasal flu (influenza) vaccine.

Other drugs may interact with MYLERAN, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.

Proper Use of this medication

Use exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take the MYLERAN tablet with a full glass of water.

MYLERAN injection is given through a needle placed into a vein in your upper chest (central IV). You will receive this injection in a clinic or hospital setting. You will also receive other medicines to help prevent certain side effects of MYLERAN.

MYLERAN can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections and help your blood to clot. Your blood will need to be tested often. Your cancer treatments may be delayed based on the results of these tests.

MYLERAN can have long lasting effects on your body. You may need frequent medical tests for a short time after you stop using this medicine.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line.

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

Since MYLERAN injection is given by a healthcare professional, you are not likely to miss a dose.

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Provera (Medroxyprogesterone Acetate)

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Provera (Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) Dosage and Side Effects

Medroxyprogesterone is a progestin (a form of progesterone), a female hormone that helps regulate ovulation (the release of an egg from an ovary) and menstrual periods.

Medroxyprogesterone is used to treat conditions such as absent or irregular menstrual periods, or abnormal uterine bleeding. Medroxyprogesterone is also used to decrease the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (a condition that may lead to uterine cancer) while taking estrogens.

Medroxyprogesterone is also used to prevent overgrowth in the lining of the uterus in postmenopausal women who are receiving estrogen hormone replacement therapy.

Warnings and Precautions

Serious Warnings and Precautions

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial is a large clinical study that assessed the benefits and risks of oral combined estrogen plus progestin therapy and oral estrogen-alone therapy compared with placebo (a pill with no active ingredients) in postmenopausal women.

The WHI trial indicated an increased risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, breast cancer, pulmonary emboli (blood clots in the lungs) and deep vein thrombosis (blood clots in the large veins) in postmenopausal women taking oral combined estrogen plus progestin.

The WHI trial indicated an increased risk of stroke and deep vein thrombosis in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) taking oral estrogen-alone.

Therefore, you should highly consider the following:

  • There is an increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer, heart attack, stroke and blood clots in both lungs and large veins with the use of estrogen plus progestin therapy.
  • There is an increased risk of stroke and blood clots in the large veins with the use of estrogen-alone therapy.
  • Estrogens with or without progestins should not be used for the prevention of heart disease or stroke.
  • Estrogens with or without progestins should be used at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest period of timepossible. Regular medical follow-up is advised.

Breast Cancer:

The results of the WHI trial indicated an increased risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women taking combined estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo. The results of the WHI trial indicated no difference in the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy taking estrogen-alone compared to women taking placebo.

Estrogens with or without progestins should not be taken by women who have a personal history of breast cancer.

In addition, women with a family history of breast cancer or women with a history of breast lumps, breast biopsies or abnormal mammograms (breast x-rays) should consult with their doctor before starting HRT.

Women should have a mammogram before starting HRT and at regular intervals during treatment as recommended by their doctor. Regular breast examinations by a doctor and regular breast self-examinations are recommended for all women. You should review technique for breast self-examination with your doctor.

Overgrowth of the Lining of the Uterus and Cancer of the Uterus:

The use of estrogen-alone therapy by post menopausal women who still have a uterus increases the risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth of the lining of the uterus), which increases the risk of endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus).

The purpose of adding a progestin medication to estrogen therapy is to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia.

You should discuss progestin therapy and risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma with your doctor. You should also report any unexpected or unusual vaginal bleeding to your doctor.

If you have had your uterus removed, you are not at risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma. Progestin therapy is therefore not generally required in women who have had a hysterectomy.

Ovarian Cancer:

In some studies, the use of estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin therapies for 5 or more years has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Heart Disease and Stroke:

The results of the WHI trial indicated an increased risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women taking combined estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo.

The results of the WHI trial indicated an increased risk of stroke, but no difference in the risk of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women with prior hysterectomy taking estrogen alone compared to women taking placebo.

Abnormal Blood Clotting:

The results of the WHI trial indicated an increased risk of blood clots in the lungs and large veins in post-menopausal women taking combined estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo.

The results of the WHI trial indicated an increased risk of blood clots in the large veins, but no difference in the risk of blood clots in the lungs in post-menopausal women with prior hysterectomy taking estrogen-alone compared to women taking placebo.

The risk of blood clots also increases with age, if you or a family member has had blood clots, if you smoke or if you are severely overweight. The risk of blood clots is also temporarily increased if you are immobilized for long periods of time and following major surgery. You should discuss risk factors for blood clots with your doctor since blood clots can be life threatening or cause serious disability.

Gallbladder Disease:

The use of estrogens by postmenopausal women has been associated with an increased risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery.

Dementia:

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) was a substudy of the WHI trial and indicated an increased risk of dementia (loss of memory and intellectual function) in postmenopausal women age 65 and over taking oral combined estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo. The WHIMS indicated no difference in the risk of dementia in post-menopausal women age 65 and over with prior hysterectomy taking oral estrogen-alone compared to women taking placebo.

BEFORE you use PROVERA talk to your doctor or pharmacist if:

  • have a history of allergy or intolerance to any medications or other substances
  • have a personal history of breast disease (including breast lumps) and/or breast biopsies, or a family history of breast cancer
  • have experienced any unusual or undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
  • have a history of uterine fibroids or endometriosis
  • have a history of liver disease, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and/or skin) or itching related to estrogen use or during pregnancy
  • have a history of migraine headache
  • have a history of high blood pressure
  • have a personal or family history of blood clots, or a personal history of heart disease or stroke
  • have a history of kidney disease, asthma or epilepsy (seizures)
  • have a history of bone disease (this includes certain metabolic conditions or cancers that can affect blood levels of calcium and phosphorus)
  • have been diagnosed with diabetes
  • have been diagnosed with porphyria (a disease of blood pigment)
  • have a history of high cholesterol or high triglycerides
  • are pregnant or may be pregnant
  • have had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus)
  • smoke

Side Effects

The following side effects have been reported with the use of PROVERA:

  • Breast tenderness;
  • Breast milk secretion;
  • Breakthrough bleeding;
  • Spotting (minor vaginal bleeding);
  • Irregular menstrual periods;
  • Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods);
  • Vaginal secretions;
  • Headaches;
  • Nervousness;
  • Dizziness;
  • Insomnia, sleepiness, fatigue;
  • Premenstrual syndrome-like symptoms;
  • Itching, hives, skin rash;
  • Acne;
  • Hair loss, hair growth;
  • Abdominal discomfort; nausea; bloating;
  • Fever;
  • Increase in weight;
  • Swelling;
  • Moon shaped face.
  • If you experience any of these side effects, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
  • The side effects listed in the table below have been observed with estrogen/progestin combination in general, but not necessarily with PROVERA.

Interactions with this medication

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medications, including prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, vitamins or herbal products.

Drugs that may interact with PROVERA include:

  • Preparations inducing liver enzymes e.g., barbiturates, hydantoins, carbamazepine, meprobamates, phenylbutazone or rifampin);
  • Aminoglutethimide;
  • Some herbal (e.g., St. John's wort) and natural products which are bought without a prescription.

Proper Use of this medication

PROVERA should be taken by mouth.

PROVERA can be taken with or without food.

Usual dose:

  1. Hormonal Replacement Therapy for Menopause: The recommended dose for women is 5 to 10 mg daily for 12 to 14 days.
  2. Functional Menstrual Disorders due to Hormonal Imbalance:
    1. Secondary amenorrhea (absence of menstrual period): After ruling out pregnancy, PROVERA, may be administered in doses ranging from 5 to 10 mg daily for 12 to 14 days every month.
    2. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: PROVERA may be given in doses ranging from 5 to 10 mg daily for 10 to 14 days, beginning on the 12th to 16th day of the cycle. This regimen should be repeated for 2 subsequent cycles or longer if necessary.
  3. Endometrial Cancer: The recommended dose is 200 to 400 mg daily.
  4. Breast Cancer: The recommended dose is 400 mg daily, given in divided doses.

It is important that you take PROVERA regularly at the same time each day.

Overdose:

Symptoms:

Overdosage may result in a period of amenorrhea (absence or cessation of menstrual period) and may be followed by irregular menses for several cycles.

For management of a suspected drug overdose, contact your regional Poison Control Centre.

Missed dose:

Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten tablet. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can if it is within 12 hours of the missed dose. If it is over 12 hours since your missed dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your usual dosing times.

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Kazano (Alogliptin/Metformin)

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Kazano (Alogliptin/Metformin) Dosage and Side Effects

KAZANO is used along with diet and exercise to improve control of blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes.

KAZANO is used when your blood sugar cannot be adequately controlled by diet, exercise and other antidiabetic medicines such as metformin alone; insulin alone; or metformin and medicines known as thiazolidinediones (e.g. pioglitazone) taken together.

Warnings and Precautions

Serious Warnings and Precautions

KAZANO contains metformin which can rarely cause lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis can cause death and must be treated in the hospital. Since alcohol may increase the risk of lactic acidosis caused by metformin you should not drink a lot of alcohol if you take KAZANO.

KAZANO with alcohol:

Do not take this medicine with alcohol as you could be at greater risk of developing lactic acidosis, a serious complication which must be treated in a hospital.

Lactic Acidosis:

Stop taking KAZANO if you get the following symptoms of lactic acidosis:

  • You feel very weak and tired.

  • You have unusual (not normal) muscle pain.

  • You have trouble breathing.

  • You have stomach pain with nausea and vomiting, or diarrhea.

  • You feel cold, especially in your arms and legs.

  • You feel dizzy or lightheaded.

  • You have a slow or irregular heart beat.

  • Your medical condition suddenly changes.

You have a higher chance of getting lactic acidosis if you:

  • have kidney problems.

  • have congestive heart failure that requires treatment with medicines.

  • drink a lot of alcohol (very often or short-term “binge” drinking).

  • get dehydrated (lose a large amount of body fluids). This can happen if you are sick with a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Dehydration can also happen when you sweat a lot with activity or exercise and don’t drink enough fluids.

  • have certain x-ray tests with injectable dyes or contrast agents used.

  • have surgery.

  • have a heart attack, severe infection, or stroke.

  • are 80 years of age or older and have not had your kidney function tested.

  • are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

  • are breast-feeding.

 Before you take KAZANO, tell your doctor if you:

  • have any allergies, especially to the ingredients in KAZANO.

  • have type 1 diabetes (your body does not produce insulin).

  • are taking KAZANO with insulin. Your doctor may want to reduce your dose of insulin when you take it together with KAZANO in order to avoid too low blood sugar.

  • are going to have an operation under general, spinal or epidural anesthetic. You may need to stop taking this medicine for a couple of days before and after the procedure.

During treatment with KAZANO, your doctor will check your kidney function at least once a year and more frequently if you are elderly or if your kidney function is borderline or at risk of worsening.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding:

If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine. You should not use KAZANO in pregnancy.

Do not breast-feed while taking KAZANO since metformin passes into breast milk.

Driving and using machines:

KAZANO has no known influence on the ability to drive and use machines.

Side Effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Tell your doctor if you have any of the following side effects:

Stomach and intestinal side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, stomach upset, abdominal bloating, gas and appetite loss, are very common with metformin—one of the active ingredients in KAZANO.

The Common side effects that may occur are:

  • cold or flu-like symptoms such as sore throat, stuffy or blocked nose, feeling tired, fever, chills, body aches, dry cough

  • shortness of breath

  • pink eye: itchy and red eye(s), with or without discharge

  • dry, itchy skin with or without hives, rash

  • headache

  • indigestion, heartburn

  • abdominal pain

  • swollen or irritated blood vessels in the anus and rectum (hemorrhoids)

  • gallstones

  • kidney stones

  • bruise

  • back pain

  • joint pain

  • muscle and/or bone pain (including of the chest)

  • cramp

  • difficulty sleeping

  • a metallic taste in your mouth

  • stomach pain

  • constipation

  • nausea

  • toothache

  • vomiting

  • tiredness (fatigue)

  • swelling of extremities

  • sensation of “pins and needles” or numbness (paresthesia)

  • pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg (sciatica)

  • coughing, wheezing shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, with or without fever

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)

The Uncommon side effects that may occur are:

  • allergic reaction (including severe rash, facial swelling and hives)

  • upper abdominal pain that radiates into the back, with or without vomiting, due to a swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis)

In very rare cases, metformin, one of the medicines in KAZANO can cause a serious side effect called lactic acidosis. This is caused by a buildup of lactic acid in your blood. This build-up can cause serious damage. You should also stop using KAZANO and call your physician right away if you have signs of lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is a medical emergency that must be treated in a hospital.

The Unknown side effects that may occur are:

  • serious rash, involving skin reddening, pain, swelling of lips, eyes or mouth, skin peeling and flu-like symptoms (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

  • liver problems

KAZANO CAN CAUSE ABNORMAL BLOOD TEST RESULTS. YOUR DOCTOR WILL DECIDE WHEN TO PERFORM TESTS AND WILL INTERPRET THE RESULTS.

Interactions with this medication

Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, have recently taken or might take including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

In particular tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any of the following:

  • hydrocortisone and prednisolone (corticosteroids) used to treat diseases that involve inflammation like asthma and arthritis

  • other diabetes drugs such as glyburide

  • furosemide

  • nifedipine

  • cationic drugs (e.g., amiloride, digoxin, morphine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, triamterene, trimethoprim, and vancomycin)

  • other drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and may lead to a loss of blood sugar control. Some example of drugs that can increase the blood sugar include:

    • thiazide and other diuretics (water pills)

    • corticosteroids

    • phenothiazines

    • thyroid products

    • estrogens or estrogens plus progestogen

    • oral contraceptives

    • phenytoin

    • nicotinic acid

    • sympathomimetics

    • calcium channel blocking drugs

    • isoniazid

  • cimetidine, used to treat stomach problems

  • bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists) which are used to treat asthma

  • ramipril, lisinopril and enalapril (ACE inhibitors) used to treat high blood pressure

  • iodinated contrast agents or medicines containing alcohol

Proper Use of this medication

 Usual dose:

The usual dose is one tablet twice a day.

Swallow your tablet(s) whole with water. You should take this medicine with food to reduce your chance of an upset stomach.

Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

Your doctor will tell you exactly how much KAZANO you need to take. The amount of KAZANO will vary depending on your condition and the doses you currently take of metformin alone, metformin in combination with pioglitazone, insulin and/or individual tablets of alogliptin and metformin.

Overdose:

In case of drug overdose, contact a health care practitioner, hospital emergency department or regional Poison Control Centre immediately, even if there are no symptoms.

Missed dose:

If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose (two doses at the same time) to make up for a forgotten dose.

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Mepron (Atovaquone)

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Mepron (Atovaquone) Dosage and Side Effects

MEPRON is used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).

Warnings and Precautions

You are allergic to atovaquone or to any of the ingredients in MEPRON.

Medicinal ingredients: Atovaquone

Nonmedicinal ingredients: Benzyl alcohol, flavour (tutti frutti), polaxamer 188, purified water, saccharin sodium, and xanthan gum

Talk to your doctor if you have any health conditions or problems you may have, including the following:

  • currently have diarrhea
  • have kidney problems
  • are pregnant or are planning to become pregnant
  • are breastfeeding or are planning to breastfeed

Side Effects

These are not all the possible side effects you may feel when taking MEPRON. If you experience any side effects not listed here, contact your healthcare professional.

Side effects may include:

  • headache, fever
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation
  • trouble sleeping, dizziness, feeling weak and achy
  • sweating, rash, itching, hives
  • thrush (yeast infection in the mouth)
  • eye problems
  • kidney problems

Side effects that may show up in a blood test:

  • low levels of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia)
  • changes in liver enzymes
  • low numbers of red blood cells (anemia), which can cause tiredness, headaches and shortness of breath
  • low numbers of white blood cells (neutropenia)
  • high levels of amylase (an enzyme produced in the pancreas)
  • high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia)
  • high levels of methemoglobin (a protein in the blood)
  • low numbers of platelets in the blood

Interactions with this medication

The following may interact with MEPRON:

  • tetracycline, rifampicin, rifabutin, and cephalosporins, drugs used to treat bacterial infections
  • metoclopramide, a drug used to treat symptoms of slowed stomach emptying
  • acetaminophen, a drug used to relieve pain and reduce fever (also included in cold and flu remedies)
  • benzodiazepines and opiates (like codeine), drugs used to treat anxiety and pain
  • acyclovir, a drug used to treat herpes
  • medicines used to treat diarrhea
  • laxatives
  • zidovudine and indinavir, drugs used to treat HIV infection/AIDS

Proper Use of this medication

It is important to drink MEPRON with a meal. This will help the medicine to work properly. Drink it with your morning meal and your evening meal. If you can eat only one meal a day, take your whole daily dose with your daily meal. Before you pour each dose, shake the bottle gently.

Usual adult dose:

Drink 5 mL (one teaspoonful) of MEPRON twice each day, with your meals. Take this medicine for 21 days.

If you can eat only one meal a day, drink 10 mL (two teaspoonfuls) of MEPRON once each day with your meal. Take this medicine for 21 days.

OVERDOSE:

If you think you have taken too much MEPRON, contact your healthcare professional, hospital emergency department or regional Poison Control Centre immediately, even if there are no symptoms.

MISSED DOSE:

If you missed a dose of MEPRON, take it as soon as you remember (with a meal) and then take the next dose at the right time (again with a meal). Do not take more than 10 mL (two teaspoonfuls) a day in total.

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